Introduction to Vocal EQ
EQ (Equalization) is one of the most important tools in mixing vocals. It helps balance the frequencies, remove unwanted tones, and enhance clarity to make vocals sit well in the mix.
Understanding the Vocal Frequency Range
Here’s a breakdown of vocal frequencies and how they affect the sound:
- Sub-Bass (20-80Hz) – Mostly unnecessary for vocals. Can be rolled off to remove rumble.
- Bass (80-200Hz) – Adds warmth and body. Too much causes muddiness.
- Low-Mids (200-500Hz) – Gives fullness but can make vocals sound boxy.
- Mids (500Hz-2kHz) – Core vocal presence. Too much sounds harsh.
- Upper Mids (2kHz-5kHz) – Clarity and articulation. Important for intelligibility.
- Highs (5kHz-10kHz+) – Airiness and brightness. Too much can be sibilant (harsh “s” sounds).
Step-by-Step Guide to EQing Vocals
1. High-Pass Filter (Low Cut)
- Set a high-pass filter around 80-120Hz to remove unnecessary low-end rumble.
- Be careful not to cut too much, or vocals will lose body.
2. Reduce Muddiness (200-500Hz)
- If the vocal sounds muddy or boxy, try cutting -3dB to -6dB around 250-400Hz.
3. Enhance Presence (1kHz-3kHz)
- Boost slightly (1-3dB) in this range to help vocals cut through the mix.
4. Tame Harshness (4kHz-6kHz)
- If the vocal sounds too sharp or piercing, cut a little around 4-5kHz.
5. Add Air & Shine (8kHz-12kHz)
- Boosting 5kHz-12kHz can add brightness and clarity.
- Use a high-shelf EQ boost (2-5dB max) to avoid harshness.
6. Control Sibilance (6kHz-10kHz)
- If “s” and “t” sounds are too sharp, reduce this area slightly or use a de-esser.
EQ Settings for Different Vocal Types
🎤 Male Vocals
- High-pass filter: 80Hz
- Low-mid cut: 250-350Hz (-3dB)
- Presence boost: 2kHz-3kHz (+2-3dB)
- Air boost: 10kHz+ (+3-5dB)
🎤 Female Vocals
- High-pass filter: 100Hz
- Low-mid cut: 300-400Hz (-2-3dB)
- Presence boost: 3kHz-5kHz (+2-4dB)
- Air boost: 10kHz+ (+4-6dB)
Pro Tips for Vocal EQ
✔ Always EQ in context (listen to vocals with the instrumental).
✔ Use subtle boosts and cuts (drastic EQ changes can sound unnatural).
✔ Combine EQ with compression to balance dynamics.
✔ Use automation for dynamic EQ adjustments in different song sections.
